(c) Proportion of the use of Willow shrub habitat in relation to chick age (in days).Diet of Golden Plover chicks, expressed as the proportion of different prey taxa in individual faeces (proportion of biomass), for different age classes.Diet of Golden Plover chicks, expressed as the proportion of different prey taxa in individual faeces (proportion of biomass (top), proportion of individuals (bottom)), for different habitats.Abundance of different arthropod taxa, expressed as biomass per pitfall trap and per day, over time, for different habitat types.

However, Bibionidae imagoes only occurred in 2011 and were virtually absent in 2013, which relates to the species’ ecology with 2- to 5-year cycles in mass occurrence. They typically stand upright and run in short bursts. I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseCompositional analysis of habitat use from animal radio‐tracking dataAdjustment to climate change is constrained by arrival date in a long‐distance migrant birdThe effect of climate change on the correlation between avian life‐history traitsClimate change and population declines in a long‐distance migratory birdNest predation in relation to snow‐cover: a possible factor influencing the start of breeding in shorebirdsTundra Plovers. According to Pearce‐Higgins and Yalden (A Google Earth satellite image (© 2015 DigitalGLobe Quickbird 65‐cm pan‐sharpened) was used as a background to create a digital habitat map of the study area. Habitats were mapped using When relocating chicks, faecal samples were collected by keeping the chick for a maximum of 10 min inside a rubber cube.

The chick growth rate was highest in warmer weather and at mid-altitudes (400–450 m) but showed no significant correlation with tick load.

Mean rainfall varies between years but, again, was fairly similar in 2011 and 2013, with 75 and 62.5 mm rain recorded during the two seasons, respectively.The Golden Plover is the most abundant wader species breeding in the study area, at about three pairs/kmGolden Plover nests were searched for by walking and flushing incubating birds, by watching flushed birds returning to their nest or by flushing birds by dragging a 30‐m‐long rope between observers over the tundra. In the United Kingdom, golden plover chicks rely on Tipulidae for feeding, while in Sweden Bibionidae are more important.

However, the key feature is the underwing: white axillaries and underwing coverts in European Golden… When rump feathers start to grow, at around an age of 30 days, the pad with attached radio‐transmitter fell off with no subsequent impact on the bird.Radio‐transmitters were tracked using a receiver (ICOM IC‐R20, Icom America Inc., Kirkland, WA, USA in 2011 and SIKA, Biotrack Ltd, Wareham, UK in 2013) with an external hand‐held directional antenna (Televilt, Followit AB, Lindesberg, Sweden in 2011 and Yagi, Biotrack Ltd, UK in 2013).

Extreme annual variation in an essential food source such as Bibionidae imagoes might have an important effect on the condition and survival of Golden Plover chicks, an important subject for future studies.

The European Golden Plover of nominate race in breeding plumage has blackish crown, hindneck and upperparts, heavily spotted with gold.

(2019). Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeQuantitative measurement of food selection: a modification of the forage ratio and Ivlev's Electivity IndexRecognizability of different food types in faeces and alimentary flushes of Intensified agricultural use of grasslands reduces growth and survival of precocial shorebird chicksSynchrony in lemming and vole populations in the Canadian ArcticAssessing the development of shorebird eggs using the flotation method: species‐specific and generalized regression modelsLarge scale monitoring of waders on their boreal and arctic breeding grounds in northern EuropeIndividual migration patterns of Eurasian golden plovers Pluvialis apricaria breeding in Swedish Lapland; examples of cold spell‐induced winter movementsTiming of breeding, peak food availability, and effects of mismatch on chick growth in birds nesting in the High ArcticDifferences in food abundance cause inter‐annual variation in the breeding phenology of High Arctic wadersEffects of Climate Variation on the Breeding Ecology of Arctic Shorebirds.

From our own measurements of arthropods, different size classes were created (see above). Information from 22 chicks tracked using radio-transmitters was analysed. Methods Copydex is a solvent‐free (water based) non‐toxic glue.

By analysing 149 faecal samples, four main prey taxa were identified, Coleoptera (40%), Bibionidae (31%), Hymenoptera (13%) and Tipulidae (10%). Fennoscandian alpine tundra habitats support large numbers of breeding waders, but relatively little is known about their breeding ecology despite the fact that this habitat is threatened by climate change.

For young chicks, the compositional analysis revealed that habitat availability and habitat use differed significantly (A total of 149 faecal samples were collected from Golden Plover chicks.

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