These used a harmonic mixer which on its own made it impossible to know what the frequency of the desired signal was.

With images, frequency is related to structure size. I believe you're referring to the Nyquist sampling criterion, which actually says that in order to completely capture all of the information contained within a given signal (and thus to be able to perfectly reproduce that signal based on the sampled information), you must sample it a rate greater than twice the bandwidth of the original signal. The term “anti-aliasing filter” refers to a low-pass filter that is applied If you ponder the previous diagram for a moment, you may start to understand why Shannon’s theorem is not a “how-to” guide for designing mixed-signal electronic systems.
The idea remains. This is the principle behind motion pictures. It is a disservice to the readers of your tutorial and to the developers of the brilliant OS art.“There’s nothing we can do to separate the authentic frequencies from the impostors.” Not strictly true in every case.

This large gap makes it much easier for us to build an effective reconstruction filter because the magnitude response can roll off slowly and still produce significant attenuation at the alias frequencies. The Nyquist–Shannon Sampling Theorem: Exceeding the Nyquist Rate endobj If we bring the sampling rate down to the theoretical limit, the Fourier transform looks like this:In the idealized mathematical realm, we can still separate the authentic spectrum from the aliases.

Note that this limit should NOT be applied to electric engineering, where signals can contain much higher frequencies! When the function domain is distance, as in an image sampling system, the sample rate might be dots per inch and the corresponding Nyquist frequency would be in cycles/inch. During the sampling process a sample of the signal is taken at given tim…

The difference that can occur between adjacent samples is then reduced, so that it rarely exceeds one quantum step.

Aliases are inherent to the nature of sampled, quantized data and therefore can’t be eliminated in the digital realm (though oversampling and interpolation can make the analog filtering requirements less severe).Second, a reconstruction filter is designed to remove aliases, but it is not an anti-aliasing filter!

Hi, and thanks for the comment.

Answer:-Nyquist rate,Sampled frequency greater than nyquist rate is called Nyquist rate.The Sampling Theorem states that a signal can be exactly reproduced . ��I�0>/z�*�`j��r������$�M҂e�6`�U���7p�#�{��V��Ǣ�^���W?�mUߎ%��J` ���G�7VI��l~��A��ݔ&bd��rw�
Graphically, if the sampling rate is sufficiently high, i.e., greater than the Nyquist rate, there will be no overlapped frequency components in the frequency domain. Industry has established guidelines for this requirement, as discussed in References 1 and 2. Theory informs practice but does not specify it. 3 0 obj However, physical components cannot create the “brick wall” type of frequency response that would be needed to slice straight down and thereby perfectly filter out the unwanted frequency content:Furthermore, we typically prefer to avoid the cost, complexity, and board space required for filters that come anywhere near the brick-wall response.

4 0 obj A High Sampling Rate = much greater than 2X the highest frequency. Nyquist Sampling Rate = The minimum sample rate that captures the "essence" of the analog information. But, of course, those nuances are higher frequency, and thus would require a higher Nyquist sample rate. This is 'Oversampling' that, while not "bad" will take time and create a large digital file.

Signals moving right on the display were ‘real’ and those moving left were likely ‘imposters’. endobj Log in Join now 1.

The price for such a high sampling rate will be the huge amount of sample data to be stored and processed. According to the sampling theorem, one should sample sound signals at least at 40 kHz in order for the reconstructed sound signal to be acceptable to the human ear. 2 0 obj This argument is shown graphically in the frequency-domain schematic below.


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